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| Painful intercourse |
Intercourse may become uncomfortable for reasons ranging from structural issues to psychological concerns. Many women encounter soreness during sex at some point in their lives.
Painful intercourse (dyspareunia)
"Dyspareunia" is the medical term for pain during copulation. It is persistent or recurring genital discomfort that happens immediately before, during, or following sexual union. Consult a healthcare provider if you experience discomfort during intercourse. Therapies focus on the underlying cause and can help relieve or stop this prevalent concern.
Symptoms
If you have pain during sexual activity, you might feel the following:
Soreness solely upon sexual insertion, which is termed intromission.
Pain with any entry into the area, including inserting a tampon.
Deep ache during penile thrusting.
A burning sensation or throbbing pain.
A pounding feeling that lasts hours after the act.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience recurring pain during intimacy, consult a healthcare professional. Treating this issue may improve your intimate life, emotional closeness, and self-worth.
Request an Appointment
Causes
The physical reasons for painful sex vary, depending on whether the soreness occurs upon entry or with deep penetration. Emotional factors can be linked to many types of painful intercourse.
Entry Discomfort
Pain during intromission may be linked to several factors, including:
Insufficient lubrication. This is often a result of inadequate foreplay. It can also be due to lower estrogen levels after menopause or childbirth, or during breastfeeding.
Certain medications can affect desire or arousal. This may lessen lubrication and make sex uncomfortable. These drugs include antidepressants, blood pressure medications, sedatives, antihistamines, and certain kinds of birth control pills.
Injury, trauma, or irritation. This includes soreness or irritation from an accident, pelvic surgery, female circumcision, or an incision during childbirth to widen the birth canal, known as an episiotomy.
Inflammation, infection, or skin disorders. An infection in the genital area or urinary tract can cause pain during sex. The genital area being affected by eczema or other skin problems can also be the cause.
Vaginismus. These involuntary spasms in the vaginal wall muscles can make penetration painful.
Congenital issues. An incompletely formed vagina, called vaginal agenesis, or a membrane blocking the vaginal opening, called an imperforate hymen, can cause pain during intimacy.
Deep Ache
Feeling deep soreness usually happens with deep penetration. It might worsen in certain positions. Causes include the following:
Specific illnesses and health conditions. The list comprises endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine prolapse, retroverted uterus, uterine fibroids, cystitis, irritable bowel syndrome, functional pelvic floor conditions, adenomyosis, hemorrhoids, and ovarian cysts.
Surgical procedures or medical treatments. Scarring from pelvic surgery, including hysterectomy, can lead to pain during sex. Medical cancer treatments, such as radiation and chemotherapy, can cause changes that make intimacy uncomfortable.
Psychological Factors
Emotions are strongly connected to sexual activity, so they may play a role in sexual pain. Emotional factors include the following:
Mental health issues. Anxiety, depression, worries about physical appearance, fear of sex, or relationship problems can contribute to reduced arousal, discomfort, or soreness.
Stress. Pelvic floor muscles tighten in response to stress present in your life. This may contribute to pain during sexual contact.
Previous exposure to sexual assault. Not all women with dyspareunia have experienced sexual assault. But if you have been abused, it may play a part.
It can be difficult to know if emotional factors are related to dyspareunia. Initial pain can lead to a fear of recurrence, making it hard to relax during the act, which can lead to more soreness. You might start avoiding intercourse if it has become linked with pain for you.
Risk Factors
There are several factors that can increase the risk of experiencing pain during sex. These include illnesses, surgical procedures, other medical treatments, and mental health difficulties.
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